Michael Green

Journalist, producer and oral historian

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Gelato at Brunetti’s

In Culture, Environment on May 29, 2013

“I am always drawn back to places where I have lived, the houses and their neighbourhoods.” That’s the first line of Breakfast at Tiffany’s by Truman Capote.

Me – I am always drawn back to Breakfast at Tiffany’s, the sentences and their paragraphs.

Every autumn, for the several years I’ve rented a room on an elm-lined street in Carlton, I get an urge to read the novella. I want to read it sitting in my terrace courtyard in the waning sun; on a stool in the window of a busy café; on my grandmother’s old armchair in my room, looking out to the yellowing trees.

It’s an autumnal story, gentle and sad, lonely and tender, its scenes fluttering with falling leaves. It begins and ends in fall, and the narrator first meets Holly Golightly in September, on “an evening with the first ripple-chills of autumn running through it”. It barely wisps through winter and spring, and Holly “hibernates” in summer.

The narrator she calls “Fred”, after her brother, or sometimes Buster or Cookie, and who shares much with a young Capote – and something with me, too – says he doesn’t care much for springtime; autumns, rather, “seem that season of beginning”.

I’ve never thought about the book all that much, about what it means, or why I like it so. I just want to read it when the mornings are crisp.

But this year, I was drawn to it before the leaves alerted me, by the New Yorker, which carried a dismissive review of a new Broadway adaptation. The critic adores the novella, however: it is “so extraordinary a work,” he wrote, “that it incites not writerly envy but pride”.

Yes, I thought, that’s true. When it was published, Norman Mailer said Capote was “the most perfect writer” of his generation, who wrote “the best sentences, word for word, rhythm upon rhythm”. Mailer said he “would not change two words” in the book. Yes, I should read it again. Maybe its sentences will rub off on mine?

That was in early April. Normally, the leaves on my street would have begun to fall by then. One summer during the drought they fell at Christmas and we all worried it was the end for the trees. But the council installed all kinds of sprinklers and mulched around the trunks, and gradually they recovered. And this year, autumn arrived late. The hottest summer on record stretched deep into March and April: an extended, gelato-summer, my evenings still punctuated by the short walk across the park and around the corner to the ice-cream counter at Brunetti. Beneath those balmy days and mild nights the trees remained green. 

***

I do not know how many times I’ve read the book; less than ten, I’d guess. But I do remember when I first heard of it. I was in a crummy bar in Canberra, visiting an old friend, my first housemate when I moved there after university. He is several years older, a contrary character, alternately passionate and ambivalent about day-to-day life.

The bar has a sour smell, sourer every time I return. There were three of us: my friend and an old comrade of his – a socialist turned sensualist with a large tattoo of a rat on his forearm. We were drinking beer and talking about books; or rather, they were talking about books and I was listening. The socialist adored Breakfast at Tiffany’s. My friend agreed: “It’s a gorgeous story,” he said and his eyes grew moist, as they do in all the conversations with him I like best.

I thought it improbable. I’d never seen the movie – still haven’t, as a matter of fact – but I had the notion it was a swooning romance. I was suspicious of the book. Nevertheless, I bought a copy, one of those cheap, orange, Penguin classics. It contains the novella and three short stories, same as the first edition in 1958. It is pleasingly slim, enough to fit in your pocket.

The story isn’t a romance, I found out – not that sort, anyway. It’s all memory, belonging and loss, and a platonic kind of love. A decade on, Fred recalls the cycle of seasons he spent living above Holly Golightly in a New York brownstone; at first captivated, then burned and finally, warmed, by her reflected glow.

It was wartime, 1943, and young Fred had moved from the south with a fancy to be a writer. Before he’d even met her, the card above the girl’s mailbox nagged him “like a tune”:

Miss Holly Golightly

Travelling

Holly is a society girl, not a prostitute, though she understands the gossip; after all, she admits, “I’ve always thrown out such a jazzy line”. Assorted unpleasant men exchange generous tips for her company; Capote described his creation as an American geisha. She’s only 19, escaping her past, but always remembering it – playing sad country songs in the fire escape while her hair dries – and then inventing herself anew.

I’m not one for recalling plots, and I know it. But even so, Breakfast at Tiffany’s surprises me every time. By the end, yet again, all I have is a shimmering sense of her, and an impression of the writer too, the outsider upstairs, sometimes writing, often listening in, wishing he were nearer.

This year, though, I noticed a few things along the way.

It’s the ’40s, sure, but Holly stumps for marriage equality. She’s settled down some by this stage, and tells Fred she loves her man just fine, but he’s not her “guy ideal”. And who is? Jawaharlal Nehru, say, or Greta Garbo: “Why not? A person ought to be able to marry men or women or – listen, if you came to me and said you wanted to hitch up with Man o’ War, I’d respect your feeling. No, I’m serious. Love should be allowed. I’m all for it. Now that I’ve got a pretty good idea what it is.”

Man o’ War was a famous thoroughbred horse.

This too: I discovered – again surely – that Fred’s birthday is 30 September, the same as mine. And Capote’s. Not only that, but it’s also the day on which everything unravels: “So the days, the last days, blow about in memory, hazy, autumnal, all alike as leaves: until a day unlike any other I’ve lived.” That’s how Fred described our birthday. It was really the three of us there, you know: Holly, Fred and me.

But most of all, I thought about Holly and the “mean reds”. Not the blues.

“No,” she tells Fred, slowly. “No, the blues are because you’re getting fat or maybe it’s been raining too long. You’re sad, that’s all. But the mean reds are horrible. You’re afraid and you sweat like hell, but you don’t know what you’re afraid of. Except something bad is going to happen, only you don’t know what it is.”

Her only cure is to hail a cab to Tiffany’s and look in the windows. “It calms me down right away, the quietness and the proud look of it; nothing very bad could happen to you there, not with those kind men in the nice suits, and that lovely smell of silver and alligator wallets.”

Holly yearns for a real-life place that makes her feel the way Tiffany’s does, maybe in Mexico by the sea, when her lost brother returns from the war. She went there once – they’d raise horses, and he’s good with horses. But even as she says it, Fred and Holly and me, we all know it’s an impossible dream.

***

In my street, the first heavy leaf fall came on May 1, the first day of the last month of the season: there was a cold wind and the yellow leaves fell like a storm. But then it got warm again, and once more I went for gelato. In most respects I’m an advocate for variety, but when it comes to ice cream, I’ve settled on my gelato ideal: two scoops in a waffle cone, chocolate and lemon.

This autumn Brunetti moved around the corner from Faraday Street, where it had been for nearly 30 years, and into the space on Lygon Street vacated when Borders died.

I visited the new store on a Saturday night, on a date. I had the mean reds that day, shot through with the blues: I knew well the cause. I’d been writing about climate change – the worsening disaster projections now, next decade, throughout my lifetime and beyond, together with the profound absence of either prevention or preparation. Nothing new, I know, but nothing tolerable either, when you think about it. In a recent journal article, a speculative “future history” by respected American science historians Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway, I read a throwaway line: “The human populations of Australia and Africa, of course, were wiped out.”

The store was alive, teeming and hollering like an old-time trading floor in a stock boom. As we entered, it became clear there were two kinds of people. Dozens of waiters strode after their errands, wearing bow ties and black waistcoats or else slim black aprons tied in a cross at the back, while all around the rest of us tottered, distracted and enraptured by the cakes, tarts, chocolates and macaroons, and the mirrors, the bonze trim, the patterned tiles and the blown-up, black and white photographs on the walls. We gaped alongside infinite desserts, we stared at the baristas on the central podium and we swept past pastries and savouries, croissants and paninis, until we stopped before a huge, tiled pizza oven.

I was agog. Sparkle-eyed. I turned to her and gestured toward all the people, sitting, talking, waiting, laughing, fattening: “Isn’t it wonderful?”

To our left there was a roped-off section commanded by a waiter in a headset. Straight ahead, the gelato, more flavours than ever before. “Maybe,” she replied slowly. “But it’s so much. It’s awful. It’s madness – it’s everything that doesn’t make sense.”

I agreed: awful. And wonderful. We slipped out of there, without gelato this time, and back into the autumn Carlton night.

***

I read the novella for a second time, writing this story, but the moment had passed. I’m done with wistfulness, for now. Everything – endless summer and falling leaves, apathy and indulgence, reds and blues, bad governments and worse; brown coal, Breakfast at Tiffany’s and humanity – it all has its season.

Read this article at the Wheeler Centre website

Waves of change

In Greener Homes on May 19, 2013

King tides give residents a view into the future of our coasts

TWICE a year, the tides reach their peak. And when they do, the sea washes over piers and paths, and inundates parks. It’s a prelude to a coastline with higher seas all year round – one in which seaside real estate will be at increasing risk.

“King tides are a great proxy,” says Caitlin Calder-Potts, from Green Cross Australia. “They’re a way of bridging the gap between an abstract projection for sea level rise, and actually seeing what the impacts are in your local area. By observing them, we can understand how our coasts might change.”

To that end, she’s coordinating a project called Witness King Tides, in which citizens photograph while the waters rise. You can register online, then upload your snaps of the seaside.

The next big tide during daylight hours will sweep the Victorian coastline from May 26 to 30. It peaks in Portland at lunchtime on the 26th, for example, or Port Welshpool at dusk on the 30th. (Find the exact tide times on the Bureau of Meteorology website.)

The project started in New South Wales in 2009, and since then, it’s been held in Queensland and southern Tasmania. So far, wave watchers have uploaded 4000 images. Many show coastlines coping well, but elsewhere, infrastructure is already at risk.

“We’ve had feedback from lots of surf life saving clubs saying they’re vulnerable, and community spaces like parks and foreshores too. Erosion and estuarine flooding are fairly common during king tides,” Ms Calder-Potts says.

Illustration by Robin Cowcher

The project’s popularity isn’t surprising: more than 8 out of ten Australians live near the coast, and there are over 700,000 homes within 3 kilometres of the sea.

According to the Climate Commission, sea levels are likely to rise by between half a metre and one metre by 2100. Even at the lower end, that could increase the frequency of flooding by several hundred times.

But last year, the Victorian government last year scrapped a requirement to plan for 80 centimetres sea level rise by the end of the century (except for new “greenfields” developments).

Professor Bruce Thom, former chair of the federal Coasts and Climate Change Council, says the planning system should adopt higher-end thresholds for developments that are expected to last.

He was part of a 2009 government study into the climate change risks to Australia’s coast. It found that hundreds of thousands of buildings would be at risk of flooding and damage under a high sea level rise scenario that coincides with a storm surge.

Prof Thom says king tides – which aren’t connected with human-caused global warming – help us understand sea level rise because they make local impacts clear.

(“King tide” isn’t a scientific term. It refers to the biggest of the regular “spring tides”, which occur when the Moon is full or new, and aligned with the Earth and the Sun.)

Local knowledge is useful, because sea level is more complex than you might think. Firstly, the ocean isn’t flat – it’s constantly in flux, in the same way as the atmosphere moves according to high and low pressure systems. Secondly, tidal levels depend on the shape of the shoreline.

“What happens at a particular place can vary enormously because of the nature of the bays, inlets, lakes and lagoons,” Prof Thom says.

Climate change causes sea level rise in two main ways: by increasing ocean temperatures (water expands as it warms) and by melting glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets.

“In certain parts of Australia we’ve had a very small amount of sea level rise going on for some time,” he says. “The fear scientists have is that the rate of rise will increase – that it isn’t linear and could be exponential. The big concern is disturbance to the Greenland ice sheet or the West Antarctic ice sheet.”

Read this article at The Age online

Breaking the gridlock

In Greener Homes on May 12, 2013

In 2020, could citizens hold the power?

MAY 12, 2020: Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions have fallen by nearly a third in the last decade, according to a report by the Department of Energy Transition, Efficiency and Enoughness.

The report showed a dramatic shift to localised, renewable energy production, made possible by radical improvements in efficiency. One in every three Australian households supplies its own electricity – whether individually, in clusters or small communities.

The report highlighted three key drivers for change: the affordability and reliability of solar photovoltaic panels and ongoing improvements in batteries; the community campaign to switch from fossil fuels; and the Great Firestorm Summer of 2016. It found that those tragic bushfires were a catalyst for the technology to leap from the fringes into the mainstream.


Illustration by Robin Cowcher

What’s all this? It’s a composite of future scenarios imagined by Alan Pears, adjunct professor at RMIT University, and energy consultant Tosh Szatow – both of whom are advocates for localised, not centralised, electricity generation.

While such a rapid switch away from the grid seems hard to imagine, Mr Pears argues that the indicators of change are already with us.

“There are so many emerging options for distributed energy, smart backup generators and battery storage, together with efficiency to dramatically reduce our needs, that the old electricity industry can’t win,” he says. “The centralised technology solution they’re offering will be out-competed by these diverse solutions.”

Appliance manufacturers are already prototyping “smart energy packages” for households: a combination of home-scale renewable energy, together with storage, efficient appliances and monitoring systems.

Mr Pears says big-box appliance retailers will begin selling those packages on a pay-as-you-go, no upfront cost basis.

How will the existing electricity networks and regulators respond? One possibility is that they’ll attempt to maintain profitability by switching to capacity charges – where you pay for the amount of network capacity you need at your peak usage – or by increasing fixed fees.

“Even now my fixed electricity charge is significantly more than half of my bill,” Mr Pears says. “I’m grouchy about that. Fixed charges are regressive – they fall disproportionately on low-income and low-energy users.”

He believes that either way, there’ll come a time when going off-grid becomes the most attractive option. “People who live simply and have low consumption will be the first to move off-grid in the city,” he says.

Mr Szatow, from Energy for the People, agrees that the trend is toward more local generation and storage of power, and more self-reliant homes and communities.

“It was only in about 2000 that the world started taking solar photovoltaic panels seriously. By 2012 in Australia, the price had come down to the point where it was cheaper to produce your energy than buy it from the grid,” he says.

Some households will go it alone, while others – with the help of new energy services businesses – will combine to buy extra storage and backup generators.

“Changes always begins in a niche,” Mr Szatow says. “The niche for small-scale energy generation is where the centralised grid is weakest – for example, in new suburb developments where the network hasn’t been built, or in remote areas where reliability is poor or the servicing costs are high.”

He argues there are several possible catalysts (and timelines) for the niche to become mainstream, including natural disasters, cheap battery technology developed in response to high oil prices, and new energy service models.

Read this article at The Age online

Police have no leads in delayed investigation

In Social justice on May 7, 2013

THE State Coroner has heard that the police have no leads into the death of a man who was found in the Maribyrnong River in July 2011.

Michael Atakelt was 22 years old when he went missing on 26 June 2011. His body was retrieved from the Maribyrnong River in Ascot Vale eleven days later, on 7 July.

In February, the Coroner suspended the inquest into his death and directed the police to reinvestigate with a different detective in charge.

In a hearing yesterday, Acting Senior Sergeant Peter Tatter-Rendlemann, from the Hobsons Bay crime investigation unit, told the Coroner’s court that there were no witnesses or evidence about what happened during the period Atakelt was missing. “I have nothing so far that can shed any light as to what may have occurred,” he said.

Atakelt’s father, Getachew Seyoum said he now believed the inquest would not provide any answers about how his son died. “From now, my hope to find the truth is diminishing,” he said.

The police initially claimed that Atakelt had entered the river near the Smithfield bridge in Footscray, several kilometres downstream from where the body was found. But at the inquest in February, Sergeant George Dixon, from the water police, said it was not possible for a body to float such a distance upstream.  

The case has been controversial, especially among the Ethiopian and other African-Australian communities, ever since Atakelt’s body was found nearly two years ago.

In December 2011, the assistant commissioner responsible for the north-west metro region, Stephen Fontana, assured a public meeting in North Melbourne that the original brief prepared for the Coroner was “a very thorough investigation”. He said it had been overseen by both the homicide squad and the ethical standards department, and that he had “total confidence” in the Footscray police officer responsible, Detective Senior Constable Tim McKerracher.

However, the Coroner heard today that CCTV footage from various locations near where Atakelt went missing was no longer available. It was not accessed during the original investigation.

Last month, the police made a new appeal for any witnesses to provide information through Crime Stoppers and displayed posters around Flemington and Ascot Vale. But Acting Senior Sergeant Tatter-Rendlemann said no new witnesses had come forward.

The inquest has been scheduled to re-commence on 26 August.

For background, read the other articles I’ve written about this matter: ‘Between two oceans’, ‘Watching a hearing’, ‘Coroner tells police to reinvestigate death’ and ‘Changing a whole system : racialised policing in Melbourne‘.

The right kind of urban growth

In Greener Homes on May 5, 2013

Green roofs and streetscapes make a cool change for the city

FROM his own patch of turf in Coburg, Emilio Fuscaldo can see south all the way to the skyscrapers. The grass is on his roof.

It’s one of only a few residential green roofs in Melbourne.

Mr Fuscaldo is the founder of Nest Architects; his motives were both private and public. “It’s incumbent on architects to practice what we preach. I wanted to show that you can devote a large percentage of your budget to sustainability,” he says. “You can compromise on other things, such as kitchens, cupboards and tiles, and still achieve a beautiful result.”

Before the soil was installed, Mr Fuscaldo and his partner lived in their home for a summer and most of winter. The difference was immediately clear: with the slab of earth overhead, their heating bill halved. In the summer, the temperature is now always tolerable without air conditioning.

“You cool and heat when you hit the extremes and we’re not hitting the extremes,” he says.


Illustration by Robin Cowcher

Mr Fuscaldo estimates that the green roof added between $20,000 and $30,000 to the cost of the home (the biggest expense is waterproofing). “This wasn’t an exercise in affordability. It’s about assigning your budget the right way,” he says.

The couple bought the back of someone else’s block, and designed an elegant, two-bedroom house to fit the space. But although the backyard has gone, the living roof means the bugs and birds sill have a place to be.

The rainwater in their tank gets filtered through the vegetation and the roof also reduces stormwater runoff during heavy rain. Most of their plants are ornamental, but this autumn, their rooftop plot delivered a zucchini as large as their infant son.

There’s another, less tangible, benefit too. “It feels amazing to be in the house and know that between you and the world is this amount of land,” Mr Fuscaldo says. “It’s like being in a cave. It really adds to your experience of dwelling.”

If you’d like to follow suit, there’s a heavy catch. Existing roofs aren’t strong enough to bear the load without expensive retrofitting.

With that snag in mind, Melbourne resident Shelley Meagher founded ‘Do It On The Roof’, a campaign to put green roofs on the places that can already cope best: commercial buildings.

Together with several other volunteers, Dr Meagher is calling for a public green roof in Melbourne’s CBD.

The City of Melbourne’s open space plan, released last year, showed that in the heart of the city – around Elizabeth and Bourke Streets – there’s no public open space within a walkable distance.

“Thermal imaging studies of Melbourne show that the hottest part of the city is around Hardware Lane,” Dr Meagher says. “Having buildings surrounded by concrete leads to increases in temperatures – that’s the urban heat island effect, and green roofs help reduce it.”

Climate scientist and adaptation expert Professor Roger Jones, from Victoria University, says it’s crucial we build cool, reflective or permeable streetscapes, as well as green roofs. They’ll not only help us cope with a hotter climate, but also reduce our greenhouse gas emissions.

“The difference between an urban forest and an adjoining suburb can be as much as 5 degrees,” he says. “We need cool spots for people on hot days, so we’re not all indoors by an air conditioner. We have to design places people want to be.”

Read this article at The Age online

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