Michael Green

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City Boy Slinks Home With Sore Arm

In Blog on May 8, 2010

I was WWOOFing this past week or so. For those of you unfamiliar with the terminology, and concerned for my spelling, WWOOF stands for Willing Workers On Organic Farms.

It has become a verb (to WWOOF) and a noun (a WWOOFer). There are WWOOF organisations all around the world, connecting the willing with the work. People – usually travellers – exchange their labour for food and board.

For me, it is a chance to leave the city, learn, and be part of a way of life where food is grown and eaten, not just eaten.

Su Dennett and David Holmgren kindly agreed for me to stay at Melliodora, their property in Hepburn Springs, an hour-and-a-half north-west of Melbourne. Dave is the co-originator of permaculture, and an insightful commentator on matters from bushfire preparation to geo-politics and peak oil.

Melliodora is one hectare, teeming with food and thought. Each building, tree, path, plant and detail is carefully placed for the benefit of everything else. The household economy provides both physical and intellectual nourishment.

The evening I arrived, Dave walked me through the property. We left their owner-built, passive-solar mudbrick home and walked past their kitchen garden to the shed and chook-house. Through the swinging gate, we came to the barn and loft where I’d be staying. Close to the house, these buildings are the crossroads of the property. Here, the animals are tended: goats milked; chooks fed and eggs collected. This is the place to get tools and equipment. It’s the throughway to the orchards and the other veggie patches. It’s the spot for solitary time on the compost toilet.

We continued down the hill, past the orchards to the dams. Dave introduced me to Melliodora’s real owners: Tan, Bett and Flame. They were chatting and chewing on some willow, and they implored Dave to cut them more.

Su milks the goats each morning, all four (goats and human) united in constant conversation. Su makes yogurt and cheese from the milk. She also keeps bees, runs a bulk-foods and veggie box co-op, and works on the Hepburn Relocalisation Network.

I emerged from my loft each morning at seven-thirty. We lit the wood-stove in the kitchen, cooked porridge and boiled water. Dave roasted chestnuts. Life at Melliodora revolves around the gravitational pull of that wood stove.

My days were largely spent harvesting: apples, grapes, feijoas, mushrooms, potatoes, cherry guavas. It has been a bumper season, after so many of drought. I bottled pears, de-netted fruit trees, de-sludged a massive water tank.

The nights are cold in the Victorian central highlands. One evening, after the second afternoon digging spuds, I caught sight of a muscular man in the mirror: my shoulders were broad, my arms bulging. I was wearing five jumpers.

And alas, below the layers, my feeble arm was hurting. T’was the spuds that did me in. My left forearm and wrist swelled up like a thin snake that gobbled a mouse. The local physio told me to rest, then advised me to build up my muscles before returning. 

Tan

Sustainable prefab

In Greener Homes on May 2, 2010

Modular houses can be green, if you choose carefully.

For most buyers, prefabricated homes have three big pluses: a set product, a set price, and construction in double-quick time.

The factory-built process can also result in far less waste. Architect and environmental design consultant Chris Barnett, from Third Skin Sustainability, says that even if prefab companies aren’t eco-minded, they’re likely to use materials efficiently.

“Supply chains can be refined and controlled to reduce waste – there’s an alignment between waste saving and cost saving,” he says. “Also, the site impacts, noise and ecological disturbances will all be cut down if the on-site construction time is short.”

But it’s a mistake to assume that modular always means green. Most modular houses use steel framing, which has much higher embodied energy than timber. Another potential disadvantage of prefab is the lack of thermal mass, meaning the homes can’t store the heat from winter sun or the cool from summer nights. Quality modular buildings compensate by adding extra insulation so they require little energy to stay comfortable.

Homebuyers need to assess a modular dwelling’s design and performance just as they would conventional on-site builders and plans. “Look at the building fabric and the star rating, as well as the energy and other environmental impacts of delivery,” he says. “If it’s a green modular house, it should have a high star rating and low energy demand through smarter appliances and lighting.”

Mr Barnett is developing SmartSkin, an innovative manufactured housing system that uses timber wall panels that are both structural and insulating, and a factory-built technology pod. He expects to complete the first home by the end of the year.

“We’ve been building the same way for hundreds of years – we still get handed the same piles of sticks and nails,” he says. “Over the next 20 years we are going to see significant changes. The efficiency of manufactured and component-based construction will be crucial in creating greener housing that remains affordable.

“There aren’t many sustainable options on the market now, but products are starting to come from overseas and Australian manufacturers are beginning to gear up.”

One Australian manufacturer taking sustainability seriously is Eco Villages Worldwide, based in Bendigo. They sell Eco Pods – flat pack homes that are assembled on-site in three weeks. “When someone buys one, I make an order and it creates a list of every product needed,” says Bryce Tonkin. “It’s a manufacturing process for the building and that has massive ramifications for efficiency, and reducing waste, time and effort.”

Mr Tonkin says the market for prefab homes has grown over the last few years. “More and more, people want buildings quickly. Our path has been to design those homes for their eco-friendliness and energy efficiency.”

Eco Pods are rated at 7.5 stars, which means they need about two-thirds less energy than standard five-star homes. Among the carefully selected materials are compressed-straw wall panels made locally in Bendigo, recycled carpets and decking made of old milk bottles and sawdust. The three-bedroom design sells for $230,000.

“There are a lot of people who want to reduce their carbon footprint and ongoing energy costs, but it’s complicated if you’re starting from scratch,” Mr Tonkin says. “We’re trying to make it easy for people to get something they can move into now.”

Urban Bush-Carpenters

In Blog on April 29, 2010

You’ve heard of the UBC, I’m sure. Everybody’s talking about the UBC. The UBC is a revolutionary organisation.

It’s also just a group of my friends. After much discussion and self-mockery, we called ourselves the Urban Bush-Carpenters. We take discarded timber, make things and give them away to people who need them. The three S’s: salvaging, socialising and sharing.

It started over summer. A group of young men decided they wanted to do something practical, enjoyable and valuable for the community. One Monday evening they met up, dismantled a pallet and transformed it into a veggie planter box, by way of much hammer clanging and gnashing of screws. We’ve built many since, plus some outdoor benches and a big chook house, and held some workshops to encourage other people to have a go.

Our skills vary. Geoff and German Michael are engineers. Sam’s an electrician. Andy works in a bronze foundry; Stephen, in community development; and Dale, a council. Mainly, we’re enthusiastic.

Our crowing achievement is the chook shed at Stewart Lodge, a supported residential service in Brunswick, Melbourne. Stewart Lodge is home to 80 men and women living with mental illness, physical or intellectual disability, acquired brain injury, or drug and alcohol dependency.

There was a permablitz there last October and as part of the follow up, we were asked if we could construct the coop. We built it in one long day, directed by Geoff and Andy, and assisted by a brood of helpers.

I showed up at nine o’clock in the morning. I looked at the rough plans and I thought we’d never get it done. Despite my furrowed brow, we dispensed with the spirit level and completed the framing by eye. Geoff would squint and say: “Oh yeah, that looks good.” And it did. Damn good. At eight o’clock in the evening the residents walked down carrying the chooks to their new home.

I’ve seen the future and the future is urban bush-carpentry: we take a waste product and make something useful, often to grow food in. We don’t wait for things to happen for us; we get out of the house, swing a hammer and learn something. We share our time, experience and output. Then we sit down for a good natter, and maybe a beer. 

Geoff and Stewart Lodge chook shed

UBC-guru Geoff and the new Stewart Lodge chook shed 

Household energy ratings

In Greener Homes on April 24, 2010

Home buyers benefit from reading the eco-scorecard.

Household energy efficiency ratings (or star ratings) tell you how comfy the temperature of your home will be throughout the year.

“Most people wouldn’t know the star rating of their house,” says Matt Fisher, from the Association of Building Sustainability Assessors. “But the stars have a dollar value in terms of the price and running cost of the home – that will become better understood as a lot more houses advertise with their star rating.”

So how are the ratings figured out?

Energy assessors plug the details of your plans (or existing building) into a nationally accredited software program, such as FirstRate5 or AccuRate. The program analyses the home’s layout and orientation, and the construction of the roof, floor, walls and windows.

This information is matched with the local climate to calculate how much heating and cooling you’ll need. “It’s a very sophisticated model,” Mr Fisher says. “Using climate data collected over many years, it calculates [the home’s temperature] for every hour of every day of the year. It works out the amount of heat or cooling energy necessary to keep the house comfortable.”

Homes can score between zero and 10 stars. At zero stars, the building does next to nothing to protect against temperature outside; at 10, it will be comfortable all year round without artificial heating or cooling. A five-star home is good, but far from outstanding.

Last year, state and federal governments agreed to lift the residential standard from five to six stars. The states must bring the rules into effect by May 2011, at the latest.

“It’s a step in the right direction, but we need to go further,” says Liz Minchin, Age journalist and author of new eco-book Screw Light Bulbs. She argues the regulations should have been more ambitious, by adding a timetable for even higher standards and factoring house sizes into the ratings.

“The five-star regulations helped slow down the increase in emissions from Victorian homes, but those emissions are still growing – largely because houses are getting so much bigger,” she says.

“Bigger homes typically take more energy to keep cool or warm – and that costs everyone money in rising energy bills, because we need to build more expensive power generation to cope with spikes in electricity use.”

The good news is that the governments have agreed to another change that should push household energy efficiency higher. Homeowners and landlords will soon be required to declare the energy, water and greenhouse performance of a house when they put it up for sale or lease.

It means that buyers and renters will be able to compare the environmental impacts and ongoing costs of different homes. Even though the full details and start date aren’t set (it will be phased in from May next year) the plan is relevant immediately – especially for people considering renovations.

Ms Minchin says a similar mandatory disclosure scheme in the ACT has shown that energy-efficient homes attract higher prices. A study for the federal government found that in 2005, lifting the energy rating of a median-priced house in the ACT by just half a star added about $4,500 to its value.

“Buyers are becoming more conscious of climate change and energy prices,” Ms Minchin says. “Real estate agents say people are asking about energy ratings more and more.”

Introducing (myself to) Michael Kelly

In Blog on April 23, 2010

Close to my house, there is a curious shop. It says MICHAEL KELLY above the door in bold red letters. Nothing seems to be for sale. The shop is filled with petite, white, pitched-roof dwellings. Elegant, handmade shutters have been installed in all the windows.

In one front window, Michael Kelly has a small workbench. His tools are carefully arranged, both on the wall and on shelves behind the bench. Small containers of small nails are neatly stacked on the shelves. Another set of shelves contains books: the wisdom of Primo Levi, and psychiatrist and academic Thomas Szasz, among others.

There is a small blackboard resting in the window, and every day Michael chalks a new aphorism, something that reflects the matters he has been mulling. Today, it reads, “What is life without love and beauty, the gifts of art, music and ideas?”

Others I remember, off the top of my head, are: “Walk with wise people”, and “No truer comment on the human heart is the state of the environment”. Many people stop and talk to him about what he writes in the window and many others wave as they pass.

When I first visited Michael and his wife Nadeen, he spent all afternoon talking with me. Their dog Rusty pawed around us. Michael is tall, straight-backed and square-jawed. His hazel eyes see with strict, clear purpose.

He told me about his belief in building as simply as possible. “If you can build a rectangle, you can build a box. If you can build a box, you can build a house.” As you construct a rectangle, be sure that the structure is square, not skewed. Measure the two angled lengths, from opposite corner to opposite corner, and knock the structure until those lengths are equal.

Michael owns a battered yellow ute, in which he collects discarded timber from demolition sites. He seeks out Oregon (otherwise known as Douglas Fir), the soft but strong timber that was previously used for framing in houses. He picks up not only sizeable planks, but also the Oregon lath (thin timber strips) from old lath-and-plaster interior walls. He makes it into shutters, shelves, tables, walls, roofs: you-name-it.

I have since spent several fruitful afternoons at the shop, sharing labour and conversation. We are building a small dwelling (or studio structure) in his courtyard – and that will be the subject of forthcoming posts.

Shopfront

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